Shaving device



Nov. 12, 1940." s. KHALlL 2,220,911

SHAVING DEVICE Filed May 16, 1938 INVENTOR 6EYED KHALIL Patented Nov. 12, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,220,911 snsvme nnvron notation of Delaware Application May 16, 1938, Serial No. 208,188

20 Claims.

'This invention relates to improvements in shaving devices, and is a continuation in part of co-pending application, Serial Number 199,065, filed March 31, 1938.

I The main object of the present invention is' the provision of an improved shaving machine of the so-called dry shaver type adapted to pro-- duce a close shave. without cutting the skin.

In dry shavers of the prior art, the fact that 10 the characteristics of the skin on the face are different from the characteristics of the skin on the neck and under the chin has been overlooked and further, the fact that the characteristics of the skin on the face itself varies.

The texture of the skin on the cheeks is different from that on the chin although bone structure underlies both the chin and the cheeks.

However, the skin on the neck is the most difficult part to shave because it is not supportedby favorable bone structure.

In shaving with an ordinary razor, the single cutting edge moves in substantially constant contact with the skin against the bases of the hairs. Such constant contact is not present in the aver- 25 age shearing or clipping device of the prior art,

which usually employs between the cutting member and the ski: a stationary guard with openings or slots formed therein; therefore regardless of how thin the guard is made, it still has some 30 thickness which remains between the skin and the cutter preventing constant contact between the cutter and the skin.

In the aforesaid pending application, I have 85 described how my shaver produces close shaving regardless of the thickness of the guard by means of the primary and secondary bulges in the skin of the user.

Another advantage of my device lies in the fact that it shaves an entire area at each stroke instead of staggered shaving as "produced by shavers of the prior art. It is obvious that it is impossible to produce an even shave 'on any area with devices of the prior art because of thiiact 5 that the combs, webs or'bridges between the slots or openings cause such devices to shave in narrow areas spaced apartfrom each other with unshaved areas therebetween. It is therefore necessary to move such shavers .back and forth 50 on a. hit and-miss principle; In going over the skin on this hit-and-miss principle the following obtains:

(11) Some portions of the skin will be shaved closer than other portions because of the im- 55 possibility of matching the cutting portion of such shavers with the uncut hairs of the given area.

' (b) A great length of time is required to shave the entire surface.

In my co-pending application, I employed a 5 primary and a secondary guard each having a longitudinal slot extending almost entirelyacross the width ofthe device, whereby an entire area of the surface is shaved at once, thereby giving the user both a smooth and. a fast shave.

In the use of a longitudinal slot such as I employ it was found to be greatly desirable to provide a substantial thickness in the wall of the secondary or movable guard for the following reasons:

1. For providing mechanical strength; and

2. For preventing the edge of said slot from springing or, distorting when a group of heavy hairs enters between the two cutting edges.

In providing a thick wall it is necessary to provide a slot having a width in definite relation to the thickness of the wall. Thus, to provide a secondary guard with a slot of substantial width I have provided in the present device a member which may be termed a tertiary guard which operates upon the apex of the bulge so as to (a) Eject protruding portions of the bulge from the slot; and

(b) Deform the apex of the bulge toward the cutting edges. And in enlarging the width of the slot, there,

will arise two problems: 1

(a) The greater the width of the slot, the greater is the danger for the flexible skin, such as that on the neck, to extend therethrough beyond the thickness of the guard and be hurt; and 1 (b) The greater the width of the slot, the coarser the shaving will be, because the apex of the bulge will be correspondingly situated farther 0 away from the cutting edge of the slot.

According to the present invention, in order to accomplish short clippingof the hair to produce a close shave, the skin is bulged into the. slot of the guard a suflicient distance to bring the bases of the hairs closely adjacent the shearing edges.

By employing a single slot of a given width, a bulge is produced whenv the device is pressed, against the skin, having a base approximately the width of the slot and an amplitude or depth which is the function of the length of the base, the texture and characteristics .of the skin itself, and also of the pressure applied.

My new and improved device isprovided with an outside stationary guard which engages the skin. This guard may be formed of a partially cylindrical member having a comparatively wide slot formed therein and having the edges of the slot rounded to engage the skin and facilitate the forming of a bulge, or it may comprise two rounded rods spaced apart substantially the same distance as the width of the slot, as will hereinafter be described.

Within the outer guard is movably mounted an inner guard member which carries a slot substantially parallel to the slot formed by the edges of the outer guard.

A secondary bulge on the skin enters the slot on the movable guard and is, by the movement of this guard, conditioned in such a manner that it moves or flows along the surface of the bulge formed by the outer guard.

A cooperative cutter and tertiary guard are pivotally mounted within the movable guard and are oscillated therein in time with the movement of said movable guard.

A further object of the invention is the provision in a shaving device of a movable guard member havinga slot formed therein, and of an inner cutter member moving in timed relation to the movement of said movable guard member, and forming a tertiary guard member.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a shaving device which distinguishes between hair and skin, thereby adapted to cut hair but not the skin.

Another object of the invention is the provision in a shaving device of an inner cutting member or tertiary guard which when in the cutting position is yieldably held in such position, making it impossible to cut the skin.

Still another object is the provision, in a device of the character described, of resilient means tending to urge an inner cutter member in its 40 normal position in contact with the inner surface of a movable guard member, and of means in timed relation to the movement of said guard member for moving said inner cutter member from its normal position against the urge of said 45 resilient means.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Referring now to the drawing, which is merely by way of example to illustrate the new principle 50 involved:

Figure 1 is a side View of one form of the device with the casing broken away to show one method of driving the device;

Figure 2 is an end view of the device, as viewed 55 from the cutting-head end;

Figure 3 is a front elevation of the device;

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the cutting head taken along the lines 4-4, Figure 3;

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken 60 along the lines 5-5, Figure 3, showing the inner cutting member in its retracted position;

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 except the guard member has moved slightly beyond file cutting position and the shearing edge of the 65 tertiary member has moved into tangential relation to the inner wall of the movable guard member;

Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the lines 1-4, Figure 3, showing one means for moving the cutter member relative to the movement of the movable guard member;

Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing the inner cutter member in its retracted position in solid lines and in its normal or cutting posi- 75 tion in dot-dash lines and the relation of the slot hubs projecting toward in the movable guard member to the inner cut tcr member in said positions; and

Figure 9 is a perspective view of one of the auxiliary end plates.

Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, a hollow casing 10, forms a handle for the device and serves as a housing for parts to be presently described. Supported on one end of the casing I0 is the cutting head assembly, generally designated by the numeral H. r

The cutting head is provided with end plates 12 and 13, which are secured together to form a cage by means of shouldered rods l4 and I5; rods l6 and I? are provided for securing the elements together to form a unitary structure as will plesently be described. These may be more clearly seen in Figures 5 and 6. The rods l4 and I5 take the pla'ceof the stationary outer guard shown and described in the aforesaid copending application and function as skin engaging members for producing a primary bulge in the skin.

Mounted in the cage are auxiliary end plates l8 and I9, the latter of which is illustrated in Figure 9, and each has a hub 20 projecting therefrom. A pivot stud 2| projects from the hub parallel to the axis thereof. The auxiliary end plate I8 is identical with the plate i9 except that the pivot stud is positioned to be opposite and in line with the pivot'stud 2| when the two auxiliary end plates l8 and I9 are positioned with the each other (as shown in Figure 3). 1

A cylindrical member 22 forms the movable guard. It has a mid-portion cut away, leaving circular end portions 23 and 24. The end portion 23 is pivotally supported on the hub 20 and the other end portion 24 is pivotally supported on the hub 200. (Fig. 3) of the other auxiliary end plate I8. The end portion 23 is provided with a ing 25 which may be formed integral therewith or secured thereto. The lug 25 carries a stud shaft 26 which is parallel to and spaced apart from the center of the cylindrical member 22. This member also has a cut away portion 21 which forms a longitudinal slot therein. The edge 28 of the slot 21 forms one of the shearing members of the device, as will be presently described.

A bar 29 is pivotally mounted within the casing ID by means of a shouldered pivot screw 30. One end of the bar 29 has a slot 3| formed therein which engages the stud shaft 26, the sides of the slot 3| forming a working fit therewith. The other end of the bar 29 forms a yoke 32 having legs 33 and 34.

A motor 35, mounted in the casing 10, is provided with an armature shaft 36 carrying an eccentric 31 which cooperates with the legs 33, 34 and the yoke 32 so that when the armature shaft 36 rotates the bar 29 is oscillated by the eccentric 31 and in so oscillating this bar, through the medium of the slot 3! engaging the stud shaft 26, imparts an oscillating motion to the cylindrical guard 22.

A tertiary guard 38 having a shearing edge 38a, is positioned Within the movable guard 22 and is provided with longitudinal holes at each end thereof and is pivotally mounted on the pivot stud in the hub of the auxiliary end plate I9 and the corresponding pivot stud in the hub of the auxiliary end plate Hi. The outer contour of the member 38 is of such form that when said member is in the shearing position, as will presently be described, said shearing edge 38a is tangent to the inner surface ber 22. r

The tertiary guard 38,; referring now to Figure '1, has a surface which might be termed a camming surface 'Themovable guard member 22 carries an inwardly projecting stud 40 which co- 1 operates with the' camming' surface 38 on the tertiary guard 38 to cause the latter to move pivotally thereby bringing the shearing edge 38a into and away fromsaid .tangential'position in time with the movement of the movable guard 22.

An arm 4| extending from preferably the midportion of the tertiary guard-38 is engagedby a of the movable memspring 42 which may be secured to the casing by means of screws 42. When assembling the devlce,the cutting head is assembled as follows: 'Iheend plates i2 and Ilare secured together by shouldered'rods l4 and IE ,to form a cage. The movableguard member 22 is positioned on the hub of the auxiliary end plate [9, then the tertiary guard 38 is positioned within the member 22 to pivotally engage the pivotlstud 2|, after which the auxiliaryend plate J8 is applied to the other end of the guard member 22 with its hub coincidingwith the inside of the guard member and its pivotstud engaging the other end of the tertiary guard 38. y j v This assembly is placed in the. cage and is so positioned in the cage that the holes l6 and I1 line up with corresponding holes in the end plates I 2 and 13. The rods l6 and i'lv are positioned in the holes l6 and Il in the auxiliaryfind plates l 8 and i9 and the corresponding holes in the end secured in the cage in proper relation thereto. The rods l6 and I! are retained in position by the projections III and In of the casing in when the assembly is secured to the, casing by screws I8 and IS.

A suitable electrical connection 50 is provided. for connecting the device to a source of current. Referring now to Figure'8, which represents a portion of the movable guard 22 and the tertiary 5 guard 38, the solid lines show the'relative position of the slot 21 in the movable guard 22 when the latter has just begun to move in a clockwise direction. It will be'noted that the tertiary guard '38 has been pivotally retracted to, its farthest 60 position from the inner surfaceiof the member 22. When the member 22 has moved in a clockwise direction to the point wherethe slot 21 is in the position indicated by dot-dash lines, the guard 38 has moved on its pivots into tangential relation 55 with the inner bore of the guard member 22 as indicated by the dot-dash lines. If the secondary bulge of the skin .extending into the slot 21 is greater in amplitude thanthe thickness of the metallic wall of the guardmember 22 and ex- 60 tends through the slot, the tertiary guard 38 will actually push this bulge upwardly and due to the movement of the slot 21 in'the clockwise direction which is also occurring at this time, the apex of this bulge is thrown sharply towards the 65 cutting edge 28 which is at that time in the position 28 so that the cuttingedge of'the' tertiary guard then in the position A may, an instant later, cut the hairs projecting from the apex of the bulge. 0 Figure 8 is enlarged twenty (20) times so that the action above described may be clearly visual- Although the tertiary guard 38 is illustrated as having a cam'ming surface which is engaged by 75 the projecting stud, this is only by way ofillusplates l2 and I3, and thereby the assembly is tration for it is obvious that many other expedi- .ents may be employed to perform the same function-namely, that of moving the tertiary guard 38 in the manner described in time with the movement of the outer guard member 22. Dueto the fact that I yieldablyhold the inner cutting member ortertiary guard 88 in contact with the inner wall of the oscillatory guard, by means of spring 42, any skin extending through the slot 2l'which would otherwise becut, were 10 v the inner guard not so yieldably held, acts against the inner guard member to move it out of the cutting position to thereby prevent the skin from being hurt.

Likewise, many other changes may be made in the structure herein shown and described without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the annexed claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a shaving device, in combination, a primary guard having a longitudinal slot formed therein the edges of which form skin engaging members adapted to condition the skin as said device is moved along the surface thereof, a secondary guardcarrying a cutting edge and posi- 25 tioned within the bounds of said slot, said secondary guard being adapted to form a bulge in said skimmeans for voscillating said secondary guard to cause its cutting edge to move within the confines of said slot, a tertiary guard pivotaily mounted beneath said secondary guard and carrying a cutting edge, means for oscillating said tertiary guard on its pivots thereby moving its cutting edge into and out of shearing relation with said first shearing edge, said tertiary guard while moving into and out of shearing relation with said first shearing edge being adapted to control the apex of said bulge, thereby delivering hairs to said cutting edges.

2. In a shaving device, in combination, a body member having oppositely disposed parallel skin engaging members and forming a primary guard adapted to condition the skin, a secondary guard movable with respect to said primary guard and carrying a cutting edge moving within an area lying between said skin engaging members, said "secondary guard being adapted to form a bulge in said skin, means for oscillating said secondary guard, a tertiary guard pivotally mounted beneathv said secondary guard and carrying a cutting ed-ge adapted normally to cooperate with said first cutting edge, and means controlled by the movement of said secondary guard for moving said tertiary guard upon its pivots to bring its cutting edge into and out of shearing relation with said first cutting edge in definite relation to the movement of said secondary guard to control the apex of said bulge to effect the delivery of hairs to said cutting edges. i

r 3. In a shaving device, in combination, a pri-' mary guard having a longitudinal slot formed therein the edges of which form skin engaging members adapted to condition the skin as the device is moved along the surface thereof, a secondary guard carrying a cutting edge, said secondary guard being adapted to form a bulge in said skin, means for oscillating said secondary guard and moving its cutting edge along a definite path within the confines of said slot, a tertiary guard pivotally mounted beneath said secmeans controlled by the movement of said secondary guard for oscillating said tertiary guard on its pivots to move its cutting edge into and out of shearing relation with said flrst shearing 7b., ondary'gua'rd and carrying a cutting edge, cam

edge, said tertiary guard while so moved being adapted to control the apex of said bulge to ef.- fect the delivery of hairs to said cutting edges.

4. In a shaving device, a stationary primary guard having skin engaging members spaced from each other, a tertiary guard member having a continuous cutting edge and mounted beneath,

said guard, a secondary guard oscillably mounted between said primary guard and said tertiary guard and having a slot formed therein, one edge of which comprises a second cutting edge adapted to cooperate with said first cutting edge, said primary guard being adapted to produce in the skin a primary bulge as said device is moved along the surface of said skin, said slot in the oscillatory guard being adapted to form a secondary bulge moving in a circular path along the surface of said primary bulge by virtue of the oscillatory movement of said sec ondary guard, and means for moving said ter tiary guard in time with the oscillatory movement of said secondary guard to deform the apex of said secondary bulge and to bring said cutting edges into and out of cooperative relationship.

5. In ashaving device, a stationary guard having a pair of spaced skin engaging surfaces, a tertiary guard position beneath said guard and carrying a shearing edge, a movable guard positioned between said stationary guard and said tertiary guard and having a slot formed therein substantially parallel to said shearing edge, means forming a second shearing edge along one side' of said slot adapted to cooperate with said first shearing edge, means to oscillate said movable guard to move the slot formed therein within the space between said skin engaging surfaces, and means to move said tertiary guard in time with the oscillations of the movable guard thereby moving said first shearing edge into and out of cooperative relation with said second shearing edge.

6. In a shaving device, a stationary guard comprised of a pair of skin engaging rods spaced apart from and substantially parallel toeach other, a tertiary guard pivotally mounted beneath said stationary guard and having a shearing edge, a movable guard positioned between said stationary guard and said tertiary guard and having a slot formed therein substantially parallel to said rods, means forming a shearing edge along one side of said slot to cooperate with said first shearing edge means-to oscillate said movable guard to move said slot within the confines of the space between said rods, and mechanism operating indefinite time relation to the movement of said movable guard for moving said tertiary guard on its pivots within said movable guard to bring said first shearing edge into and out of cooperative relation with said second shearing edge.

7. In a shaving device, a frame having portions thereof in spaced relation to each other which form a primary guard adapted to engage the skin of the user, a cylindrical guard pivotally mounted in said frame and having a longitudinal slot formed therein, one side of said slot forming a shearing edge, a tertiary guard mounted within said cylindrical guard and having a shearing edge adapted to cooperate with said first shearing edge, means for oscillating said cylindrical guard on its pivots to cause said slot to move in a path within the space between said portions, and means controlled by the movement of said cylindrical guard for moving said tertiary guard in time with the movement of said cylindrical guard to bring said last shearing edge into and outof tangential relation with the interior wall of said cylindrical guard.

8. In a shaving device, a frame having a pair of parallel curvilinear portions in spaced relation to each other to form a primary guard adapted to engage the skin of the user, a cylindrical guard pivotally mounted in said frame and having a. longitudinal slot formed therein, one side of said slot forming a shearing edge, a member eccentrically mounted within and with respect to said cylindrical guard and having a shearing edge adapted to cooperate with said first shearing edge, means for moving said cylindrical guard on its pivots to cause said slot to move in a path defined by the space between said curvilinear portions, and mechanism driven by said means for oscillating said member on its pivots in definite time relation with the oscillations of said cylindrical guard in order to bring the shearing edge on said member into and out of cooperative relationship with said first shearing edge.

9. In a shaving device, a pair of end plates, means for securing said end plates together to form a cage, said means including portions in spaced relation to each other and forming skin engaging members, a cylindrical guard pivotally mounted on said end plates adjacent to said portions, said cylindrical guard having a slot formed therein one side of which forms a shearing edge, a shear member pivotally mounted within said cage and partially embraced by said cylindrical guard, said shear member also having a shear edge, means for oscillating said cylindrical guard on its pivots, and means controlled by said cylindrical guard for oscillating said shear member on its pivots to bring its shearing edge into and out of cooperative relationship with said first shearing edge.

10. In a shaving device, a frame having portions in spaced relation to each other and forming skin engaging members, a guard member pivotally mounted within said frame adjacent to said portions, said guard member carrying a shearing edge, a shear member pivotally mounted within said frame beneath said guard member, said shear member also having a shearing edge, means for oscillating said guard member on its pivots, and means partly carried by said guard member and partly by said shear member for causing said shear member to oscillate on its pivots to bring its shearing edge into and out of cooperative relationship with said first shearing edge.

11. In a shaving device, a pair of end plates, a plurality of members securing said end plates together to form a cage, two of said members being of curvilinear cross section and positioned in spaced relation to each other to form skin engaging members, a pair of secondary end plates each positioned adjacent to one of said end plates, said secondary end plates each being provided with a hub, a cylindrical guard pivotally mounted on said hubs and having a slot formed therein, one side of said slot forming a shearing edge adapted to move within the space between said skin engaging members, a pivot pin projecting from the faces of each of said hubs, said pivot pins being in line with each other, a shear member supported on said pivot pins and partially embraced by said cylindrical guard, said shear member also having a shearing edge, means for oscillating said cylindrical guard on its pivots, and means controlled by said cylindrical guard for oscillating said shear member on said pivot pins to bring its shearing edge into and out of cooperative relationship with the shearing edge formed in said slot.

12. In a shaving device, a pair of end plates, a plurality oiv members securing said end plates together to form a cage, two of said members being of curvilinear cross section and positioned in spaced relation to each otherto form skin engaging members, a pair of secondary end plates each positioned adjacent to one of said end plates, said secondary end plates each being provided with a hub, a cylindrical guard pivotally mounted on said hubs and having a slot formed therein one side of which forms a shearing edge adapted to move within the space between said skin engaging members, a pivot pin projecting from the face of each of said hubs, said pivot pins being in line with'each other, a shear member having a curved surface formed thereon and having a shearing edge at one terminus of said curved surface, said shear member being mounted on said pivot pins and adapted when moved into shearing relation with said first shearing edge, to be substantially tangent to the interior wall of said cylindrical gnard, meansfor oscillating said-cylindricai'g'uard on said hubs, and means partly on said cylindrical guard and partly on said shear member ior moving the latter on its pivot pins to bring its shearing edge into and out of said tangent relation in time with the movement of said cylindrical guard.

1 3. In a shaving device, a pair of end plates,

a plurality of members securing said end plates together to form a cage, two of said members being of curvilinear cross section and positioned in spaced relation to each other to form skin engaging members, a pair of secondary end plates each positioned adjacent to one of said end plates, said secondary end plates each being provided with a hub, a cylindrical guard pivotally mounted on said hubs and having a slot formed therein one side of which forms a shearing edge adapted to move within the space between said skin engaging members, a pivot pin projecting from the face of each of said hubs, said pivot pins being in line with each other, a shear member having a curvilinear camming surface and' having a shear edge at one terminus of said curved surface, said shear member being mounted on said pivot pins, means for oscillating said cylindrical guard on said hubs, means'carried by said cylindrical guard and cooperating with said camming surface for moving said shear member on its pivot pins to bring its shearing edge into and out of cooperative relation with said first shearing edge in time with the movement of said cylindrical guard, and spring means urging said shear member toward said cylindrical guard.

shearing edge within the space between said'skin engaging surfaces, mechanism for moving said shear member out of shearing relation with said second shearing edge and spring means acting against said inner guard tending to urge the same to engage the skin of the user, a cylindrical guard I pivotally mounted in said frame adjacent to said skin engaging members and having a slot formed therein one side of which forms a shearing edge,

means to oscillate the cylindrical guards, a shear member pivotally mounted in said frame partially embraced by and normally having its shearing edge in tangential relation with the interior wall of said cylindrical guard, driving means for moving said shear member to and away from its normal position in time relation with the movement of said cylindrical guard and spring means acting against said shear member for imparting its resilience to the same whenthe latter is in shearing relation to said cylindrical guard and serving to facilitate the shearing action of said device.

16. In a shaving device, a frame having a pair of projecting portions in spaced relation to each other and forming skin engaging members, a cylindrical guard pivotally mounted in said frame adjacent to said projecting portions and having a slot formed therein one side of which forms a shearing edge, a shear member having one curvilinear camming surface and having a shearing edge at one terminus of said camming surface, means pivotally supporting, said shear member within said cylindrical guard, means for oscillating said cylindrical guard to move said slot back and forth within the space between said skin engaging members, and spring means acting against said shear member tending to hold its shearing edge in contact with the interior wall of members, a guard member pivotally supported .in said frame adjacent to said portions, said guard member carrying a shearing edge, a shear member pivotally mounted in said frame beneath said guard member, said shear member also having a shear edge, a lug extending from said guard member, a stud shaft carried by said lug, means acting through the medium of said stud and said lug for oscillating said guard member on its pivots, and means controlled by said guard member pivots .to bring its shearing edge into and out of cooperative relationship with said first shearing edge.

, 18, In a shaving device, a supporting frame having two projecting members in spaced relation with each other and forming skin engaging members, a guard member pivotally mounted within said frame adjacent to said projecting members, said guardmemberhaving a shearing edge formed integral therewith, a shear member pivotally mounted in said frame adjacent to 'said guard member, said shear member also having a shearing edge, motive means, mechanism connecting said guard member to said motive means in oscillative relation thereby oscillating said guard member on its pivots, spring means tending to urge the shearing edge of said shear member into cooperative relation with the shearing edge of said guard member, cam

for causing said shear member to oscillate on its member along an arcuate path about a given center; a second member carrying a shearing edge adapted to cooperate with said first shearing edge, and means for moving said second member along a different arcuate path the center path of which is spaced apart from said first center, one end of which terminates where said second member comes in contact with said first member.

20. The invention according to" claim 19 in which the entire movement of said second member is in definite time relation to the movement of said first member.

' SEYED KHALIL. 

